1.The economy of
indonesia Ir.Soekarno leadership.
As a prominent freedom
fighter, the proclaimers and first president of indonesia, the indonesia ecoomy
figure of soekarno. As the person who
first led the indonesian soekarno arguably was the foundress the indonesian
economy.
Soekarno was indonesia
first president, was born in blitar, east java, 6 june 1901 and died in
jakarta, 21 may 1970 at the age of 69 years. He played an important role to
assert independence of indonesia from the dutch colonialism. He was a digger
pancasila. He is the proclaimer of independence of indonesia together wiyh
mohammad hatta on august 17,1945. Some economic policies taken under government
of soekarno are:
1.) Nationalization
of the bank java became of the bank indonesia.
2.) Secure
the efforts concerning the dignity of living people, so it can be in use by the
people.
3.) Trying
to decide control of the netherlands in the field of import-export trade as
well as several other policies aimed at advancing the economy of indonesia.
4.) Since
1955, economic development began to propagate to large projects. This was
strengthened with the release of a policy plan to build eight know universe
1961. This policy contains the plans for the establishment of large projects
and some small projects to support the great project.
5.) Can
result in the production of a five-year plan known as kasino plan.
6.) Entrepreneur
class can grow among the indonesia people.
7.) Indigenous
entrepeneurs gradually can develop into going forward.
8.) Can
work together between indigenous and non-indigenous entrepreneurs in advancing
the economy of indonesia.
Soekarno’s leadership
called the old order that lasted from 1945 to 1968. In that period indonesia
was the liberal economic system and using the system command economy.
2.The economy of indonesia Soeharto’s leadership.
He
was the second president of the republic of indonesia he was born in kemusuk,
yogyakarta, june 8, 1921. His father kertosudiro, a farmer who also servend as
deputy head of irrigation rice field in the village, and his mother sukirah.
Because
the increasingly deteriorating political situation after the G-30-S/PKI, a
special session of the MPRS, march 1967, appointing soeharto as
president,confirmed as the second president of RI, march 1968, soeharto ruled
over three citizens passed dasa six times of the election, until his
resignation, may 21,1998. Some economic policies taken under government of
soeharto are:
1.) Foreign
aid started to secure by thr presence of then since 1969, indonesia can start
forming the so-called draft five-year development plan (REPELITA).
2.) Succesfull
food swasembeda.
3.) The
minimum unemployment.
4.) Foreign
investors willing to infuse capital in indonesia.
5.) Success
fosters a sense of nationalism and love domestic products.
6.) Inflation
can be held about 5%-10% with through a tight monetary policy.
7.) The
value of the currency a penny can be stable and predictable, the government can
implement the balanced budget system.
3.The economy of indonesia BJ.Haibie leadership.
Prof.DR
(HC).Ing.Dr.sc.Mult Bacharuddin jusuf Habibie or famous a BJ.Habibie, was the
pare-pare (south sulawesi) was born june 25,1936. Habibie became president of
indonesia to-3 during the 1,4 year and 2 mounths to become vice president of RI
to-7. Habibie is a “blaster” between people javanese (his mother) with people
makasar/pare-pare (his father).
In the small, habibie has shown intellegence and
high spirits in the knowledge and technology especially physics. Over the past
six months, he studied mechanical engineering at the institut technology bandung
(ITB), and continued into Rhenisch Wesfalische Tehnische Hochscule- Germany in
1955. With financed by her mother, R.A.Tuti Marini Puspowardoyo, habibie young
spent 10 years completing studies S-1 to S-3 in Aachen-Germany. Some economic
policies taken under gevernment of BJ.Habibie are:
1.) Liquidate
the troubled banks.
2.) Establish
monitoring and resolution of problrms of foreign debt.
3.) Do
a recap of banking restructuring and through the establishment of the (BPPN)
and the state assets management unit.
4.) Raise
the exchange rate of the rupiah against the dollar to bellow Rp.10.000.
5.) Implement
economic reform in the IMF require.
6.) Confirmation
UU.No.5 year 1999 about the prohibition of monopolistic practices and unhealthy
competition.
7.) Confirmation
UU.No.8 year 1999 about consumer protection.
4.The economy of indonesia KH.Abdurrahman Wahid
leadership.
KH.Abdurrahman
Wahid is famous gus dur is the eldest son of six children, born in jombang,
east java, on august 4,1940. Gus dur’s genetically are descendant of “blue blood”.
His father K.H.Wahid Hasyim was the son of K.H.Hasyim Asy’ari, founder of the
Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the largest islamic mass organization in indonesia and
founder of boarding school tebu ireng, jombang, east java. His mother
NY.HJ.Sholehah was the daughter of the founder of the denanyar boarding school,
jombang. K.H.Bisri Syamsuri was the grandfather of his mother’s party is also
prominent NU, which became the Rais ‘Aam PBNU after K.H. Abdul Wahab Hasbullah.
Thus gus dur was the grandson of NU clerics from the two at a time, and two of
the indonesia nation.
On
20 october 1999,the MPR succeds in selecting the president of the republic of
indonesia to-4. K.H. Abdurrahman wahid and his deputy megawati soekarnoputri
during thr reign of Gus dur. Some economic policies taken under government of
KH. Abdurrahman Wahid are:
1.) Tax
ratio in the reign of gus dur by 10,7% whereas, under the new order regime tax
ratio reached only 6,1%. Where as the government of gus dur, indonesia economy
was derailed due to the political turmoil and economic crisis.
2.) Building
an economy based on the interests of the majority of people who are still left
behind, unable, and the poor.
3.) Gus
dur produks china in restricting the sale, because china is known as the
country that sell its products to indonesia at a bargain price, because if it
is not restricted to be hitting manufacturing industry in the country.
4.) Private
employers start to be confident as it gets support from the government.
5.) In
deem has managed to improve the system of economy with a relatively short term.
5.The economy of indonesia megawati soekarno putri
leadership.
Born in yogykarta,
january 23, 1947. Presdent megawati soekarno putri was sworn in as president of the republic of
indonesia on 23 july 2001, which was the first woman president in indonesia.
She was the foundress of the first towards the life of democracy before being
appointed as president, she was vice president of the republic to 8 under the
rule of Abdurrahman Wahid. Megawati is the eldest daughter of the first
president of indonesia also proklamers soekarno and fatmawati.
Complete woman named
Dyah Permata Megawati SoekarnoPutri started her education, from elementary
school to high school in college cikini, jakarta.Meanwhile, she had studied at
the two universities, namely the faculty of agriculture, university of
padjajaran, bandung (1965-1967) and the psychological faculty of university of
indonesia (1970-1972) but have yet to graduate. Some economic policies taken
under governmant of Megawati soekarno putri are:
1.) Strengthen
the rupiah’s exchange rate in line with declining inflation and interest rates
on the real sector.
2.) Eonomic
growth in 2000 amounted tp 4,86% higher than forecast earlier in the year by
bank indonesia amounted to 3,0% to 4,0%.
3.) GDP
per capita on the basis of the price applicable in 2001 reached Rp. 7,2
million.
4.) Indonesia’s
economic grownth rate in 2002 was driven by household consumption. This can be
seen from the amount of household consumption and government consumption in
2002 against 2001 respectively grew by 4,72% and 12,79%.
5.) Indonesia’s
economy in 2004 measured magnitude based on gross domestic product (GDP) on the
basis of prevailing princes reached Rp.2.303,0 billion, whereas on the basis of
constant prices of 2000 amounted to Rp.1.660,6 billion, with growth reaching’s
5,13% compared to 2003.
6.) The
value of rupiah more stable.
7.) To
address corruption, formed corruption eradication commission (KPK).
8.) Improve
the export performance, so that indonesia’s exports could be improved.
6.The economy of indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
leadership.
Jend
TNI (Purn.) Dr. H. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was born in Tremus, Arjosari,
Pacitan, East Java. On september 9,1949, the president to 6, who took office 20
oktober 2004, with vice president jusuf kalla. He managed to continue his
administration for the second period by returning to portray the presidential
elections of 2009, with vice president 2009 is Boediono. So since the reform
era began, susilo bambang yudhoyono was the first president of indonesia
completed the presidency for 5 years and was successfully re-elected to the
second period.
He
is a retired military, during military service he was known as Bambang
Yudhoyono. Him military career ended when has was appointed president of
Abdurrahman Wahid as minister of mines and energy in 1999 and appears as one of
the founders of the democratic party.Susilo bambang yudhoyono last rant was
general of the TNI before his retirwmwnt of 2004, the excellence of his voice
from president megawati soekarno putri made his first became president, elected
through direct election by the people. This is possible after passing the
amandement UUD 1945. Some economic policies taken under government of Susilo
bambang yudhoyono are:
1.) Fuel
prices lowered by up to 3 times (2008-2009), the first time in history.
2.) The
economy continue to grow above 6% in 2007 and 2008, the highest after new
order.
3.) Foreign
exchange reserves in 2008 of US$ 51 billion, the highest in history.
4.) Decrease
in the ratio of debt to GDP countries continue to fall from 56% in 2004 to 34%
in 2008.
5.) Repayment
of debt to the IMF.
6.) The
implementation of programs such as pro-citizenry: BLT,BOS, Scholarships,
Self-contained PNPM, JAMKESMAS, and KUR without a supplementary bugdet which
can automatically improve people’s economic level.
7.) The
eradication of corruption.
8.)
Unemployment continues to decline 9,9%
in 2004 to 8,5% in 2008.
9.)
The poverty rate decreased from 16,7% in
2004 to 15,4% in 2008.
10.)
The growth of indonesia’s economy grow
rapidly in 2010 as the recovery of the world economy after the global crisis
that occurred during 2008 to 2009.
11.)
The indonesian economy is able to
withstand the threats of economic and financial crisis influence occurs in the
european zone.
Susilo bambang
yudhoyono managed to become a winner in one round to acquire 60,80% pand
inaugurated on 20 october 2009. The second period of susilo bambang yudhoyono’s
leadership(2009-2014). Some economic policies taken under government of susilo
bambang yudhoyono two period are:
1.)
Inflantion seccessfully pressed on a
single digit. From 17,11% in 2005 to 6,96% in 2009.
2.)
Decline in poverty from 36,1 million in
2005 to 31,02 million people in 2010.
3.)
An increase in production capacity of
the real sector, which of course many open new jobs.
Sumber:
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar